Kusetshenziswa i-ceramic kumapuleti angangenwa izinhlamvu

③Into esetshenziswa kakhulu yobumba engangenwa bulletproof

Kusukela ngekhulu lama-21, izitsha zobumba ezingangenwa izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu ziye zathuthuka ngokushesha, futhi kunezinhlobo eziningi, ezihlanganisa i-alumina, i-silicon carbide, i-boron carbide, i-silicon nitride, i-titanium boride, njll., phakathi kwayo i-alumina ceramics (Al₂O₃), i-silicon carbide ceramics (SiC), I-boron carbide ceramics (B4C) yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu.

I-alumina ceramics inobuningi obukhulu kakhulu, kodwa ubulukhuni buphansi kakhulu, umkhawulo wokucubungula uphansi, intengo iphansi, ngokusho kobumsulwa ihlukaniswe ngama-alumina ceramics angu-85/90/95/99, ubulukhuni obuhambisanayo kanye nentengo nakho kuyanda. esikhundleni salokho.

Ukuqhathaniswa kwezakhiwo zama-ceramics angengene izinhlamvu ezahlukene

Ubuningi be-silicon carbide ceramic density buphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, i-ceramic yesakhiwo engabizi kakhulu, ngakho-ke iphinde ibe yi-ceramic evikela izinhlamvu esetshenziswa kakhulu eChina.

I-Boron carbide ceramics inobukhulu obuphansi kakhulu nobulukhuni obuphezulu kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zixhobo zobumba, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidingo zabo zokucubungula ubuchwepheshe nazo ziphakeme kakhulu, ezidinga ukushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, ngakho-ke izindleko nazo ziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwalezi zitsha zobumba ezintathu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa nalezi zinto ezintathu ezivamile zobumba zobumba obungangeni nhlamvu, izitsha zobumba ze-alumina bulletproof zinezindleko eziphansi, kodwa ukusebenza kokuvikela inhlamvu kuncane kakhulu kune-silicon carbide ne-boron carbide, ngakho-ke amayunithi amanje okukhiqiza asekhaya we-bulletproof ceramics ku-silicon carbide ne-boron carbide bulletproof, kuyilapho. i-alumina ceramics ayivamile.Kodwa-ke, i-alumina ye-crystal eyodwa ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa izinto zobumba ezibonisa ngale, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinto ezibonisa izinto ezinemisebenzi yokukhanya, futhi zisetshenziswa ezintweni zezempi ezifana nemaski angangeni nhlamvu yesosha ngalinye, iWindows yokuthola imicibisholo, iWindows yokubuka izimoto, nama-submarine periscopes.

④Izinto ezimbili ze-ceramic ezidume kakhulu ezivikela izinhlamvu

I-silicon carbide bulletproof ceramics

Isibopho se-silicon carbide covalent siqine kakhulu futhi sisenamandla amakhulu okubopha ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu.Lesi sici sesakhiwo sinikeza i-silicon carbide ceramics amandla amahle kakhulu, ubulukhuni obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal high, ukumelana nokushaqeka okuhle kokushisa nezinye izakhiwo.Ngasikhathi sinye, intengo ye-silicon carbide ceramic imaphakathi, iyabiza, ingenye yezinto ezithembisayo kakhulu zokuvikela izikhali ezisebenza kakhulu.

I-silicon carbide ceramics inendawo ebanzi yokuthuthukiswa emkhakheni wokuvikela izikhali, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwawo emkhakheni wemishini ngayinye nezimoto ezikhethekile kuvame ukuhlukahluka.Uma isetshenziswa njengempahla yezikhali ezivikelayo, kucatshangelwa izindleko kanye nezikhathi zokufaka izicelo ezikhethekile nezinye izici, ngokuvamile kuwuhlelo oluncane lwamaphaneli e-ceramic kanye nendiza eyinhlanganisela yangemuva ehlanganiswe epuleti lethagethi eliyinhlanganisela ye-ceramic, ukuze kunqotshwe ukwehluleka kwezitsha zobumba ngenxa yengcindezi eqinile, futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukungena kwe-projectile kuhlakaza ucezu olulodwa kuphela ngaphandle kokulimaza sonke isivikelo.

I-Boron carbide bulletproof ceramics

I-Boron carbide ubulukhuni bezinto ezaziwayo ngemuva kwedayimane ne-cubic boron nitride impahla eqinile, ubulukhuni obufika ku-3000kg/mm²;Ukuminyana kuphansi, kuphela 2.52g/cm³, okuyi-1/3 yensimbi;I-modulus ephezulu yokunwebeka, i-450GPa;Iphuzu elincibilikayo eliphakeme, elingama-2447℃;I-coefficient yokwandisa okushisayo iphansi futhi ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal kuphezulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-boron carbide inokuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali, i-asidi ne-alkali ukumelana nokugqwala, ekamelweni lokushisa aliphenduli nge-asidi nesisekelo kanye noketshezi oluyinhlanganisela oluningi lwe-inorganic, kuphela ku-hydrofluoric acid-sulfuric acid, i-hydrofluoric acid-nitric acid exutshwe uketshezi inokugqwala kancane. ;Futhi izinsimbi eziningi ezincibilikisiwe azimanzisi, azenzi.I-Boron carbide nayo inekhono elihle lokumunca ama-neutron, angatholakali kwezinye izinto zobumba.I-B4C inokuminyana okuphansi kakhulu kwezitsha zobumba zezikhali ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa, ezihlanganiswe nemodulus ephezulu yokunwebeka, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okuhle kwezinto ezisezindaweni zempi yezempi nezimkhathi.Inkinga enkulu ye-B4C ukuthi iyabiza (cishe izikhathi eziyishumi kune-alumina) futhi i-brittle, ekhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi njengesivikelo sesigaba esisodwa.

⑤Indlela yokulungiselela izitsha zobumba ezingangenwa izinhlamvu.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ceramics ye-bulletproof

Nakuba amandla okuvikela inhlamvu e-silicon carbide ne-boron carbide makhulu kakhulu, inkinga yokuqina kokuphuka kanye nokonakala okungekuhle kwezitsha zobumba zesigaba esisodwa ngeke kushaywe indiva.Ukuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje sekubeke phambili izidingo zokusebenza kanye nomnotho wezitsha zobumba ezingangenwa izinhlamvu: imisebenzi eminingi, ukusebenza okuphezulu, isisindo esincane, izindleko eziphansi nokuphepha.Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, ochwepheshe nezazi banethemba lokuzuza ukuqinisa, ukulula kanye nomnotho we-ceramics ngokusebenzisa ukulungiswa okuncane, okuhlanganisa inhlanganisela ye-multi-component ye-ceramic system, i-functional gradient ceramics, i-layer design design, njll., futhi izikhali ezinjalo zilula isisindo uma siqhathaniswa nezikhali zanamuhla, nokuthuthukisa kangcono ukusebenza kweselula kwamayunithi okulwa.

Ama-ceramics asezingeni elisebenzayo akhombisa izinguquko ezijwayelekile ezimpahleni ezibonakalayo ngedizayini ye-microcosmic.Isibonelo, i-titanium boride ne-titanium metal ne-aluminium oxide, i-silicon carbide, i-boron carbide, i-silicon nitride ne-aluminium yensimbi nezinye izinhlelo eziyinhlanganisela yensimbi/i-ceramic, ukusebenza koshintsho lwe-gradient eduze nendawo yogqinsi, okungukuthi, ukulungiswa kokuqina okuphezulu. ukushintshela ezitsheni zobumba ezinokuqina okuphezulu kwezinhlamvu.

I-Nanometer multiphase ceramics yenziwe ngezinhlayiya zokuhlakazwa kwe-submicron noma ze-nanometer ezingezwe kuma-matrix ceramics.Okufana ne-SiC-Si3N4-Al2O3, B4C-SiC, njll., ubulukhuni, ukuqina namandla e-ceramics kunokuthuthukiswa okuthile.Kubikwa ukuthi amazwe aseNtshonalanga afunda ukucwiliswa kwe-nano-scale powder ukuze kulungiswe izitsha zobumba ezinosayizi wokusanhlamvu wamashumi ama-nanometers ukuze kuzuzwe amandla ezinto ezibonakalayo nokuqina, futhi izitsha zobumba ezingangenwa bullet kulindeleke ukuthi zithole impumelelo enkulu kule ndaba.

Fingqa

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-ceramics yesigaba esisodwa noma i-multi-phase ceramics, izinto zobumba ezingcono kakhulu ze-bulletproof noma ezingenakuhlukaniswa ne-silicon carbide, i-boron carbide lezi zinto ezimbili.Ikakhulukazi ngezinto zokwakha ze-boron carbide, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-sintering, izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze-boron carbide ceramics ziya ngokuya zigqama, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo emkhakheni we-bulletproof kuzothuthukiswa.